As I told you earlier, ammonium perchlorate (AP) is not available in all countries.
Here is a way to make it.
First, AP is made by electrolysis of a solution of sodium chloride (table salt or NaCl).
Electrolysis is made by plunging 2 electrodes (an anode and a cathode) in an electrically conductive solution called electrolyte and plugging these electrodes to a power supply.
The electrolysis of NaCl results in the production of chlorine (Cl) and soda (NaOH). After a number of complex chemical and electrochemical reactions occurs as the chlorine dissolve in the solution.
This will yield sodium chlorate (NaClO3) if you have choose to use sodium chloride in your electrolyte, you can use potassium chloride (KCl) and you will have potassium chlorate (KClO3).
But KClO3 solubility is very low compared to NaClO3 so that it will precipitate out of the solution.
Not good for making perchlorate as the chlorate needs to be in solution in order to be electrolyzed in perchlorate.
NEVER USE AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (NH4Cl) in the electrolyte because the resulting salt ammonium chlorate is very instable though very dangerous.
Now that the sodium chlorate is made, let run the electrolysis. The chlorate will be electrolyzed to the corresponding perchlorate.
Once the electrolysis done, there is sodium perchlorate in the electrolyte. To obtain ammonium or potassium perchlorate, we will use what is called a double decomposition.
Introduce, either ammonium or potassium chloride in the solution and the corresponding salt will precipitate out as their solubility is very low compared to sodium perchlorate. To finish, extract the perchlorate and let it dry in the sun.
This post was the process of making the perchlorate, further post will cover the details like the electrode's materials (very important) and recycling the solution.
How much ammonium would need to be introduced per oz of sodium perchlorate solution.
ReplyDeleteThanks for your interest.
DeleteTo answer you, you would need a stoichiometric amount of ammonium, or in non-chemist terms for 1 g of sodium perchlorate, you add 0.5 g of ammonium chloride.
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DeleteHow would I extract the AP from the solution? I was thinking boiling could work or would that cause the AP to decompose.
ReplyDeleteHello,
DeleteActually, you don't have to do this because one of the useful characteristics it has, besides its powerful oxidizing power, is that it is insoluble in water.
So when you add ammonium chloride to your sodium perchlorate solution, AP will precipitate out of solution.
You just have to filter out the AP and you can also reuse the solution for another batch.
Thanks for you help. Sorry to keep asking question I just have two more I need to ask , would I need to run the cell with the save current as I did to make the electrodes? How long does it need to run.
ReplyDeleteWell, for the voltage, there is actually no prescription but it should be quite high to avoid oxygen evolution at the anode (like 4V or more, a battery can do it) and I usually run all night but it all depends on the quantity you are making. The lower the quantity, the lower the time and vice-versa.
Deletethank you.
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I just wanted to clear this process up, as i like to double check all of the procedures before hand
ReplyDelete1. NaCl is dissolved into water
2. Lead Dioxide and graphite electrodes are used in electrolysis
now i am not sure what is to be done here, as from what i gather i just take the sodium chlorate and use it as electronlite then i add in ammonunium or pottasium chloride and scoop off the resulting preciptate.
Is this correct? sorry for this dumb question but i would just like to clear up the process.
you must 1st destroy any chlorate remaining b4 you can start making the (ammonium perchlorate) or you will end up with some (ammonium chlorate) that could set the hole thing off causing injury or death. Here are some ways to do it. http://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/campus/5361/chlorate/destroy.html
DeleteI mixed the sodium perchlorate with the ammonium chloride and it all stays in the solution nothing is precipitating out. It worked well when i used potassium chloride but not with the ammonium chloride. What do you recommend?
ReplyDeleteI think that your product is ammonium chlorate which is soluble in water, hence no precipitation.
DeleteOn the other hand, potassium chlorate is insoluble and precipitates, so it should explain why it works with potassium but not ammonium.
I suggest that you let your electrolysis run longer to see if it works with ammonium chloride.
It is perchlorate that can not be burned by sulfuric acid. I ran my cell for a week then boiled down the sodium hypochlorite into sodium chlorate then placed it back in the cell for 5 more days then destroyed the remaining chlorate with hydrochloric acid and a boiling process. like on this page > http://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/campus/5361/chlorate/destroy.html So i know i have perchlorate not chlorate.
DeleteI should have said can not be burned by low concentrations of sulfuric acid. When I used 98% it smokes and some not all turns yellow but dose not burn.
DeleteAlso what other ammonia salts can be used?
ReplyDeleteYou could use other salts for the double decomposition step such as sulfate.
DeleteHowever, you will end up with a different sodium salt in solution after that.
For example, if you use ammonium sulfate, then the solution will contain sodium sulfate and thus won't be reusable (chloride is needed for electrolysis).
If you don't care about reusing your electrolyte, you could try it but I've never done that, so I can't say if it will be successful.
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DeleteI made my ammonium chloride so that my be the problem. I used ammonia and hydrochloric acid to form that salt. Like in this video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nj_J1U4l_Q0
DeleteThis may be dumb to ask but do the electrodes have to be lead dioxide and graphite? Or is there any substitutes for these electrodes?
ReplyDeleteThose two are the only one I know that works. You could try other materials like steel but it's unlikely to get the job done because it would leach out the iron into the solution (giving you a nice green solution) instead of oxidizing the chloride ion to chlorate and perchlorate ions.
DeleteI cant find your other post where you cover what to use as electrodes, so which one is the anode and which the cathode? Thanks in advance
ReplyDeleteYou may search for our products through the search bar on our website. If you would like to receive a copy of our product catalog, please contact us at info@alfa-chemistry.com. 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium perchlorate
ReplyDeleteDid you use iodized salt? You must use pure sodium chloride. You must use either platinum coated titanium cathode, or MMO cathode. I had luck using platinum coated titanium cathode and stainless steel anode. The only other thing I can think of is something was wrong with the methylene blue, it should have turned purple and you should have seen a small amount of precipitate.
ReplyDeleteThese days i just buy it to avoid making ammonium chlorate because its dangerous stuff and can burn on its own with out any added fuel. Here is a link to a good place to buy ammonium perchlorate and lots of other good stuff. https://www.pyrochemsource.com/Ammonium-Perchlorate-400-micron_p_91.html
ReplyDeleteTry to keep the solution cool or it will eat the platinum coated titanium cathode, if that happens you will still see bubbles but it will stop making chlorates and perchlorates. The best to use for an anode is lead dioxide anode it will stand up the to sodium the best. I might make a video on perchlorates at some point. Here is my Bitchute channel https://www.bitchute.com/channel/JJNI53eMMLUy/ Also you may want to try the membrane style cell.
ReplyDelete